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Timisoara the Capital of Banat
Documentary attested since the XIIIth century (in the year 1342 it was even mentioned as “civitas”- town), Timisoara dates back in time earlier than the first documents about it, archeological materials proving the existence of a Roman settlement on the present site of Timisoara.
The name Timisoara comes from “Castri de Thymes” (defence works built at the beginning of the XIth century for the surveillance of fords and roads), preserving the old daco-roman name of the river Timis from the speech of the local inhabitants.
Being the farthest among the urban centers in the west of Romania, with a population of more than 400.000 inhabitants, Timisoara is situated in an area open to the European penetration. Bucharest is 533 km from Timisoara on the railroad and Belgrade and Budapest are reachable in few hours by train or by car. One can say that the existence of the international airport makes the distances between Timisoara and other cities of the world shorter, Timisoara having a large international openness. Timisoara also has a particular trait among the other towns of Romania. Many nationalities live in an atmosphere of peace and understanding in Timisoara, so that not only the Romanian language, but also the Hungarian, the German and the Serbian-Croatian languages are spoken here.
Being strategically placed and being involved in holding back the Ottoman advancement towards the Central Europe,Timisoara makes its history a chapter of the history of Europe. All historical epochs let their own mark upon Timisoara; it is their joint influences that have lent it a remarkable unity and equilibrium in spite of the inherent hetrogenity.
The town was built in the middle of a plain covered till the XVIIIth century by marshes formed after the floods of the rivers Timis and Bega. From this point of view, the many imposing buildings that embellish the streets of the town, make us realize the difficulty of the work of the architects of those times, who had to find technical solutions required by that kind of land, besides the esthetical aspect of the buildings.
The central and the oldest area of the town is suggestively called “The Citadel”. This was the nucleus from which the development of the town started. The Citadel underwent important changes, especially under the Habsburg domination , its complete restoration being accomplished around the year 1765.At that time, it was considered one of the four important citadels of the Habsburg Monarchy. The oldest architectonic monuments of Timisoara, except the Castle, date from that century (the XVIIIth century).
The Castle, today the Banat Museum, was originally built between the years 1307-1315,another Castle being built by Iancu of Hunedoara between the years 1443-1447 on the same site.It was reconstructed approximately in its present shape in the year 1856.
Squares and streets with nicely lined up buildings, with churches , monuments and administrative palaces make the architectonic decoration of the citadel:
-The Union Square with the Roman-Catholic Cathedral (the Dome) built in 1763, by the Viennese architect Fischer von Erlach Junior, blending classic patterns and baroque decorations; the Serbian Orthodox Church, erected between 1744 and 1748, having very nice baroque sculptures; the Baroque Palace (the President’s House), existing since 1733, restored and completed in the following century; the monument of the Holy Trinity sculptured in Vienna in 1739-1740, remarkable baroque work situated in the middle of the square, representing a group of human beings suffering from plague which, unfortunately, haunted Timisoara more than just one time.
-The Liberty Square, the military center of the town, dominated by the Commander in Chief’s Residence (1744-1753) with its rococo-decorated fa�ade; the Old Townhall erected between 1731 and 1734 on the foundations of a former Turkish Bath; the War Chancellery (1730) sculptured by Blim and Wasserburger in Vienna.
-Other monumental edifices dating from the same period adorn the architecture of the Citadel near the two squares: the Episcopal Palace, the Deschan Palace, the Mercy Palace, the Theresia Bastion, the Greco-Catholic Church from the Fabric district.
No doubt a distinctive charm is given by the gardens and the green areas all along the Bega Cannel as well as all over the town, Timisoara deserving to be called “the town of gardens and of roses”. Among the green areas of Timisoara we can mention: the People’s Park (1868), the Central Park (the second half of the last century), dominated by the Monument of the Romanian Soldier, the Doina Park, the Plevna Park (after 1900) and later on, Rosarium (the Roses Garden), the Alpinet Park, the Children’s Park, etc.
Timisoara is also one of the most important educational and cultural centers of Romania. In the year 1941 Timisoara had 52 school edifices offering training opportunities without any discrimination of nationality or religion, there being used several teaching languages: Romanian, Hungarian, German, Serbian,etc. The press enjoied freedom of expression and very good editing conditions. 125 publications in the Romanian language and 104 publications in the Hungarian language existed between the two World Wars. The theatrical life developed remarkably after the West Theatre was born (1934).The university life of Timisoara began with the birth of the School of Politechnics (1920). Afterwards the Institute of Agronomy (1945), the School of Medicine (1945) and the University were set up.
The name Timisoara comes from “Castri de Thymes” (defence works built at the beginning of the XIth century for the surveillance of fords and roads), preserving the old daco-roman name of the river Timis from the speech of the local inhabitants.
Being the farthest among the urban centers in the west of Romania, with a population of more than 400.000 inhabitants, Timisoara is situated in an area open to the European penetration. Bucharest is 533 km from Timisoara on the railroad and Belgrade and Budapest are reachable in few hours by train or by car. One can say that the existence of the international airport makes the distances between Timisoara and other cities of the world shorter, Timisoara having a large international openness. Timisoara also has a particular trait among the other towns of Romania. Many nationalities live in an atmosphere of peace and understanding in Timisoara, so that not only the Romanian language, but also the Hungarian, the German and the Serbian-Croatian languages are spoken here.
Being strategically placed and being involved in holding back the Ottoman advancement towards the Central Europe,Timisoara makes its history a chapter of the history of Europe. All historical epochs let their own mark upon Timisoara; it is their joint influences that have lent it a remarkable unity and equilibrium in spite of the inherent hetrogenity.
The town was built in the middle of a plain covered till the XVIIIth century by marshes formed after the floods of the rivers Timis and Bega. From this point of view, the many imposing buildings that embellish the streets of the town, make us realize the difficulty of the work of the architects of those times, who had to find technical solutions required by that kind of land, besides the esthetical aspect of the buildings.
The central and the oldest area of the town is suggestively called “The Citadel”. This was the nucleus from which the development of the town started. The Citadel underwent important changes, especially under the Habsburg domination , its complete restoration being accomplished around the year 1765.At that time, it was considered one of the four important citadels of the Habsburg Monarchy. The oldest architectonic monuments of Timisoara, except the Castle, date from that century (the XVIIIth century).
The Castle, today the Banat Museum, was originally built between the years 1307-1315,another Castle being built by Iancu of Hunedoara between the years 1443-1447 on the same site.It was reconstructed approximately in its present shape in the year 1856.
Squares and streets with nicely lined up buildings, with churches , monuments and administrative palaces make the architectonic decoration of the citadel:
-The Union Square with the Roman-Catholic Cathedral (the Dome) built in 1763, by the Viennese architect Fischer von Erlach Junior, blending classic patterns and baroque decorations; the Serbian Orthodox Church, erected between 1744 and 1748, having very nice baroque sculptures; the Baroque Palace (the President’s House), existing since 1733, restored and completed in the following century; the monument of the Holy Trinity sculptured in Vienna in 1739-1740, remarkable baroque work situated in the middle of the square, representing a group of human beings suffering from plague which, unfortunately, haunted Timisoara more than just one time.
-The Liberty Square, the military center of the town, dominated by the Commander in Chief’s Residence (1744-1753) with its rococo-decorated fa�ade; the Old Townhall erected between 1731 and 1734 on the foundations of a former Turkish Bath; the War Chancellery (1730) sculptured by Blim and Wasserburger in Vienna.
-Other monumental edifices dating from the same period adorn the architecture of the Citadel near the two squares: the Episcopal Palace, the Deschan Palace, the Mercy Palace, the Theresia Bastion, the Greco-Catholic Church from the Fabric district.
No doubt a distinctive charm is given by the gardens and the green areas all along the Bega Cannel as well as all over the town, Timisoara deserving to be called “the town of gardens and of roses”. Among the green areas of Timisoara we can mention: the People’s Park (1868), the Central Park (the second half of the last century), dominated by the Monument of the Romanian Soldier, the Doina Park, the Plevna Park (after 1900) and later on, Rosarium (the Roses Garden), the Alpinet Park, the Children’s Park, etc.
Timisoara is also one of the most important educational and cultural centers of Romania. In the year 1941 Timisoara had 52 school edifices offering training opportunities without any discrimination of nationality or religion, there being used several teaching languages: Romanian, Hungarian, German, Serbian,etc. The press enjoied freedom of expression and very good editing conditions. 125 publications in the Romanian language and 104 publications in the Hungarian language existed between the two World Wars. The theatrical life developed remarkably after the West Theatre was born (1934).The university life of Timisoara began with the birth of the School of Politechnics (1920). Afterwards the Institute of Agronomy (1945), the School of Medicine (1945) and the University were set up.
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